Page 55 - Журнал Sozvezdye Review - «СОЗВЕЗДИЕ» #37

Testing was performed using the data from Baltic Sea
Sentinel-1 EW dual-pol (HH/HV) satellite mode in
the winter season 2018/2019.

Expedition activities

The project conducted its first field expedition in
July 2019 as part of the Arctic Floating University on-
board the research vessel Professor Molchanov, fol-
lowed in March 2020 by ice trials and monitoring
onboard the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s RV
Aranda. Calibration data was obtained based on flat
ice measurements. The ice samples were collected using
a crane and were stored in a tank for further transporta-
tion to Luleå University of Technology (and analysis by
Concrete and ColdTech laboratories). Additionally, ice
thickness measurements and ice surface mapping were
performed using the onboard electromagnetic radar.
The repeated ice trials and monitoring were con-
ducted onboard the RV Aranda in January 2021 in the
Bay of Bothnia. They pro-
duced some valuable data
for the upcoming expedi-
tion, scheduled for next По результатам
winter. The second stage исследований разработаны
of Big Shear took place on механические модели
March 21 in the Gulf of
Bothnia within the wa- взаимодействия льда и
ters of the port of Luleå. искусственных сооружений.
The recent voyage of
the Arctic Floating Uni- Модели были проверены
versity (June 10 to July и откалиброваны при
1, 2021, RV Mikhail So- измерениях на действующих
mov) has enriched the
project with more actu- гидротехнических
al data collected along сооружениях
on the route: Arkhan- The research has produced
gelsk – Novaya Zemlya
– Franz Josef Land – a number of ice-structure
Arkhangelsk. Specifical- interaction models. These
ly, the actually observed models underwent testing on
spatial distribution of
ice has helped to clarify the existing hydraulic structures
time series analysis to identify ice-related navigation- the satellite observations for further calibration
al hazards; and issue of reports on the ice conditions data.
in the Barents and Pechora Sea. Using the data avail-
able to the European Union’s Earth observation pro- Resultant models
gramme Copernicus, IceOpes has issued the report
titled “The Barents Water Area. Navigation seasons The obtained field data, ice samples and the Barents
2015–2020”. The report contains detailed descriptions sea-ice studies have served the basis for university-host-
of the ice extent, its composition, thickness, and the ed lab research. The mechanical triaxial shear tests, per-
air temperature dynamics. formed using the three-axis testing facility developed
The project has come up with methodology for by Luleå University of Technology, has enabled to deter-
automated interferometric processing of radar satel- mine such basic ice parameters as porosity and limiting
lite survey data to determine the parameters of hum- axial force – the key characteristics that determine the
mock ice, the latter being a source of grave danger strength and deformation behavior of solid ice.
to ships and offshore structures. The data obtained The research has produced a number of ice-struc-
during the radar satellite surveys complements the ture interaction models. These models underwent
ground-based observations on the vast area of the testing on the existing hydraulic structures for fur-
Arctic ice sheet. ther calibration. The resultant model has been found
The project team at NArFU has developed a highly satisfactory for tentative ice load calculating
multi-criterion, cluster-based approach for eval- and was used for ice load simulation purposes on the
uating the oil and gas development prospects in supporting structure of an offshore wind turbine.
the Pechora Sea and the Russian continental shelf, Ice Operations is a project that addresses the
while the scientists at Finnish Meteorological Insti- challenges of Arctic marine economy using differ-
tute have created a methodology, based on CryoSat-2 ent approaches. Its descriptions of effects the ice may SOZVEZDYE #37
satellite data and random forest classifier, for devel- have on the marine structures are comprehensive and
oping the Arctic ice risk charts. To verify resultant rely on studies into physical properties of ice, satellite
algorithms, the time series for risk assessment have images, historical data, as well as modern calculation исследования
been calculated based on ice conditions maps devel- methods and algorithms. exploration
oped for the Barents and Kara Seas. One more meth- The project has presented its results to audiences
odology developed by the team at Finnish Meteoro- of the Arctic Engineering School and Arctic Proj-
logical Institute is for hummock ice data retrieval ects – Today and Tomorrow, among other venues.
using CryoSat-2 imagery. One more deliverable is the international training
One the project tasks involved the use of convo- course titled Ice Operations in the Arctic, which is
lutional neural networks to assess sea-ice cohesion. going to be available to wider audiences. 53